Wildfires and Air Quality

This guidance was developed by the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Committee on Infectious Diseases and Emerging Threats with the assistance of Sarah Boudova, MD, PhD; Christina Han, MD; Brenna L. Hughes, MD, MSc and Naima T. Joseph, MD, MPH. 

This alert has been issued in response to the California wildfires that began on January 7, 2025. These recommendations are applicable in broader climate change and wildfire settings. 

Key Recommendations 

Medical Care and Monitoring:

  • We recommend that patients with exposure to wildfire smoke during pregnancy should be counseled on the signs of preterm labor.
  • Based on current evidence, we do not recommend additional growth ultrasounds or fetal echocardiograms for the sole indication of wildfire smoke exposure.

Preparedness for Wildfire Risk Areas:

  • We recommend that pregnant individuals who live in wildfire-risk areas should be advised on evacuation readiness:
    • Have a go-bag that includes medical records and a week’s supply of medications.
    • Have an evacuation plan that outlines how to access prenatal care.

Actions During a Wildfire Event:

  • During a wildfire event, we recommend that pregnant individuals should be advised to do the following:
    • Monitor the Air Quality Index (AQI).
    • Avoid going outdoors when the AQI exceeds 100.
    • Keep indoor air clean by closing windows and doors, and using MERV13 or HEPA filters at home when the AQI exceeds 100.
    • If going outdoors cannot be avoided, use a NIOSH-approved N95 mask and protective eyewear.
    • Stay cool and hydrated; seek support at cooling centers and shelters as needed.
    • Be prepared to evacuate.

Read the Complete Recommendations